How Are Social Security Benefits Calculated? Some Things And Factors Affecting The Benefits

How Are Social Security Benefits Calculated? Some Things And Factors Affecting The Benefits

One of the most popular Social Security questions that I hear from baby boomers getting ready to retire is "how are Social Security benefits calculated?" This is an important question since it could affect how long you require to work, whether you should continue to work during your retirement years, or any other aspects of your retirement plan.

Firstly, please note that you receive a Social Security retirement benefit estimate each year in the mail, normally around your birth date. There're also many calculators available on the Social Security website to assist you estimate how much your retirement benefits will be, so you do not need to know the methods to calculate the benefit yourself.

It's still helpful to know how Social Security is calculated, but, so here are the fundamentals:

Basically, your highest 35 years of earnings are indexed for inflation, then averaged to figure out the basis for your monthly benefit. If you worked less than 35 years, the missing years will be calculated as zero for purposes of determining your benefit amount.

Planning suggestion: If you've close to 35 years of earnings and you're close to retirement, you'll benefit greatly by continuing to work until you have 35 full years of earnings to include in your benefit calculation. The majority of people it will affect are ladies who took time off work to raise a family.

The top 35 years of earnings are then divided by 35 to get your average indexed monthly earnings (AIME). A formula is applied to your AIME to figure out your primary insurance amount (PIA). We won't go into the specifics of the formula; the vital thing to note is that your Primary insurance amount is the completely unreduced benefit you would receive if you retired at your full retirement age (at the age of 66 for people born between 1943 and 1954). This amount will be decreased if you take early retirement or increased if you retire after age 66.

The PIA is also the basis for other benefits such as spousal benefits, thus it is significant to understand that your Primary insurance amount is not always the same amount that you will receive. If you are married and your spouse will be collecting benefits based on your earnings instead of her own, then you might need to maximize your own PIA to maximize the total Social Security benefits you & your spouse will receive.

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